General information only. CryptoRegHub provides summaries for informational purposes and does not constitute legal or compliance advice. Always verify with official sources and consult qualified legal counsel before making compliance decisions.

BrowseGlobal/InternationalFATF Travel Rule
Verify recommended:14 April 2026·Source →

FATF Recommendation 15 — Virtual Assets and VASP Standards (Travel Rule)

Global/InternationalAML/Travel RuleCrypto Exchanges/CASPsCustody/WalletsStablecoinsDeFi/NFTsExchanges / CEX / DEXCustodians / Wallet ProvidersPayment Service ProvidersStablecoin IssuersFintech / NeobanksFATFBitcoin / PoW assetsEthereum / PoS assetsStablecoinsUtility tokensDeFi tokensKYC / AMLTravel Rule complianceRegistrationRegulatory reporting
In Force High risk
General information only — not legal advice

CryptoRegHub provides plain-English summaries of crypto regulations for informational purposes only. This does not constitute legal, compliance, or financial advice. Regulations change frequently — always verify information with official sources and consult qualified legal counsel before making any compliance decisions.

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is the international standard-setter for AML/CFT. In 2019, FATF updated Recommendation 15 (R.15) and its Interpretative Note (INR.15) to explicitly extend AML/CFT standards to virtual assets (VAs) and virtual asset service providers (VASPs). These standards — often called the "Travel Rule" for the Recommendation 16 component — require FATF member countries to ensure VASPs are licensed or registered, subject to AML/CFT supervision, and that VASPs collect and transmit originator and beneficiary information for VA transfers. FATF publishes annual targeted updates on global implementation. The sixth update (June 2025) found continued progress but noted that only 1 of 138 assessed jurisdictions is fully compliant. Travel Rule has been adopted or is in process in 99 jurisdictions. FATF also released Best Practices on Travel Rule Supervision in June 2025. The 2025 update highlighted increasing use of stablecoins in illicit activity and approximately USD 51 billion in illicit on-chain fraud/scam activity in 2024.

Who does it apply to?

FATF standards apply to all FATF member countries (39 members) and the wider global network (200+ jurisdictions). The standards require member countries to: license or register VASPs; apply AML/CFT preventive measures (CDD, record-keeping, STR filing) to VASPs; supervise VASPs for AML/CFT compliance; apply the Travel Rule to VASP-to-VASP transfers; and take action against non-compliant VASPs. Countries that fail to implement are subject to mutual evaluations and potential grey/blacklisting.

Key requirements

Key requirements of FATF R.15/INR.15: (1) Countries must license or register VASPs before they can operate. (2) VASPs must be subject to AML/CFT supervision by a competent authority. (3) Travel Rule (Recommendation 16): VASPs must obtain, hold and transmit originator and beneficiary information for VA transfers at or above USD/EUR 1,000 threshold. (4) VASPs must apply customer due diligence (CDD) measures, maintain records, and file suspicious transaction reports. (5) Targeted financial sanctions must be implemented — VASPs must screen against UNSC sanctions lists. (6) Countries must apply FATF standards to DeFi where identifiable persons exercise control. (7) Countries must assess and mitigate ML/TF risks from stablecoins. (8) Countries must cooperate internationally on VASP regulation and enforcement.

Obligation types

KYC / AML
Know Your Customer and Anti-Money Laundering obligations
Travel Rule compliance
Sharing originator/beneficiary data on transfers
Registration
Requirement to register with a regulator
Regulatory reporting
Ongoing reporting to regulators

Penalties & fines

Country-level consequences
Countries failing to implement R.15 may be subject to FATF grey or black listing
Max: Financial isolation; restricted access to global financial system
Applies to: Non-compliant jurisdictions
VASP-level consequences
VASPs in non-compliant jurisdictions may be treated as higher risk by counterparties globally
Max: Enhanced due diligence; transaction restrictions from compliant VASPs
Applies to: VASPs in non-implementing jurisdictions

Implementation timeline

Jun 2019
FATF amended R.15 — VAs and VASPs brought within AML/CFT standards
Landmark extension of AML/CFT requirements to the crypto sector. Travel Rule formally established.
Oct 2021
FATF published updated guidance for a risk-based approach to VAs and VASPs
Addressed DeFi, unhosted wallets, stablecoins, and NFTs. Clarified Travel Rule implementation.
Jul 2024
FATF 5th Targeted Update — 75% of jurisdictions only partially compliant
Found significant global implementation gaps. Called for urgent action on Travel Rule and VASP supervision.
Jun 2025
FATF 6th Targeted Update — progress but gaps remain; Best Practices on Travel Rule Supervision published
138 jurisdictions assessed. Only 1 fully compliant. Travel Rule adopted/in progress in 99 jurisdictions. Stablecoin illicit use highlighted.

Official sources

FATF Recommendation 15 — official text
https://www.fatf-gafi.org/en/topics/virtual-assets.html
FATF 6th Targeted Update (June 2025)
https://www.fatf-gafi.org/en/publications/Fatfrecommendations/targeted-update-virtual-assets-vasps-2025.html
FATF implementation table — jurisdictions with materially important VASP activity
https://www.fatf-gafi.org/en/publications/Virtualassets/VACG-Snapshot-Jurisdictions.html
FATF — Updated Guidance for a Risk-Based Approach to Virtual Assets (2021)
https://www.fatf-gafi.org/en/publications/Fatfrecommendations/Guidance-rba-virtual-assets-2021.html

Always refer to official sources to confirm current requirements. CryptoRegHub summaries are for general guidance only.

Updates & news

26 June 2025
FATF published 6th Targeted Update on VA/VASP standards
Progress noted but only 1 of 138 jurisdictions fully compliant with R.15. Travel Rule adopted or in progress in 99 jurisdictions. Stablecoin illicit use growing — estimated USD 51 billion in crypto fraud/scam activity in 2024.
26 June 2025
FATF released Best Practices on Travel Rule Supervision
New detailed guidance to assist jurisdictions in effectively supervising compliance with the Travel Rule for VASPs.

Frequently asked questions

At a glance
JurisdictionGlobal/International
RegulatorFATF
Official nameFATF Recommendation 15 and Interpretative Note — updated October 2021 + 6th Targeted Update June 2025
StatusIn Force
Enacted21 Jun 2019
Effective from21 Jun 2019
Last verified14 Apr 2026
Penalty severity
High risk

Large fines, licence revocation, or criminal referral risk

Regulatory bodies
FATF
Financial Action Task Force
Official website →
Disclaimer

This summary is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Always verify with official sources and consult qualified legal counsel.